Ten Transitional Stages of First-Year Students

The following phases are typical of a new student's adjustment to college. Stages may not occur in the sequence described, and students may not experience all of the phases. However, this information can serve as a useful guideline to the challenges your student might face during the coming year.

•  Post-high school satisfaction/Pre-college elation

At this students experience much excitement over the prospect of attending college. Expectations then prove to be unrealistic and are based on brief glimpses of college life from campus visits or the movies.

•  Early separation anxiety

As they begin to pack and prepare for college, students realize that they are actually leaving behind the support systems of family and friends.

•  Acute separation anxiety

As students actually leave home, they experience emotional moments with loved ones. They realize that they do not know the unwritten rules of this new campus culture. At this stage, it is especially critical to meet experienced older students, such as resident advisors and peer leaders, who can assist with the adjustment process.

•  The honeymoon

This is a time of euphoria as students anticipate intellectual excitement and a satisfying social life. Students feel ready to experience all that campus life has to offer.

•  The end of the honeymoon

After the frantic rush of orientation and welcome week activities subsides, students realize that college life consists of hard work, frustration, and disappointment. Normal events such as long lines and class schedule changes may be unsettling to the new student. Initial grades may be lower than expected, which can come as a shock to the students who “coasted” through high school. Students may work much harder than ever before, only to receive lower grades. At this point, students often experience feelings of homesickness. Students should realize that this is normal and that are they are not alone.

•  The grass is always greener

Midway through the first year, students often think they can solve their problems by transferring to another institution. At this point, students should be encouraged to give the college they are attending at least a full years try. Students should be reminded that they might have had a worse experience at another school and situations that seem impossible in the first semester often disappear altogether later in the year.

•  You can't go home again

A first visit home is often traumatic due to a sense that things have changed. Siblings are curious about college life, and reunited high school friends tend to exaggerate college success. At this time students may realize that they themselves have changed and may long to return to campus.

•  Learning to cope

After about six weeks, students have learned their way around campus and are expanding their circle of friends. Their self-confidence increases, they participate in more activities, and they enjoy campus life.

•  Fear of failure

Students often panic around the time of midterm or final examinations as they fully appreciate the amount of work involved. Students should be reminded that thorough course preparation is the best way to ensure a good grade. Warning signs which indicate trouble, are panic attacks, procrastination, sleeping over twelve hours a day, and avoidance of academic responsibilities.

•  Putting it all together

By the middle of the second semester, students notice that classes, residence life, and social activities have come together into a well-integrated lifestyle. Students are more confident, better able to make decisions, and aware of opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

Adapted from Zuker, F. (n.d.) Transitional trauma: Predictable signs in the transition from high school to college.